Civil Rights Movement Timeline and Key Figures
Historical Timeline
- 1861-1865: American Civil War GuerredeSeˊcession
- 1876-1964: Jim Crow Laws loisJimCrow - légalisation de la ségrégation
- 1896: Schools became segregated seˊgreˊgationdansleseˊcoles
- 1954: Segregation became illegal laseˊgreˊgationdevientilleˊgale
- 1955: Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
- 1960: Ruby Bridges integrates school in New Orleans
- 1963: MLK's march and speech "I have a dream" in Washington DC
- 2008: Barack Obama became the first Black American president
Important Vocabulary
- an activist unmilitant - person who works to bring political or social change
- a demonstration unemanifestation - public gathering to protest
- a speech undiscours - formal address given to an audience
- a boycott unboycott - refusal to use or buy something as protest
- civil rights droitsciviques - rights of citizens to political and social freedom
Martin Luther King Jr.
In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous speech "I have a dream" which described his vision of freedom, equality, and racial harmony in America. Born on January 15, 1929 in Georgia, he was a Christian pastor who led the civil rights movement. He was assassinated in 1968. A memorial was opened at the site of his speech in 2011, and he is commemorated on the first Monday of January.
Concept Clé: Le "discours Martin Luther King I have a dream texte" est considéré comme l'un des plus influents de l'histoire américaine. Dans ce discours, King utilise la répétition de la phrase "I have a dream" pour décrire sa vision d'une Amérique où tous seraient égaux, indépendamment de leur race.
Rosa Parks
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama. She refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person. As she later explained, she wasn't "tired physically" but "tired of injustice and segregation." Her action triggered the Montgomery Bus Boycott which lasted over a year and caused significant financial loss to the bus company.
Exemple Important: La phrase "Rosa Parks bus date" fait référence au 1er décembre 1955, date à laquelle Parks a refusé de céder sa place dans le bus, devenant un catalyseur du mouvement des droits civiques. Son action, connue sous le nom de "Rosa Parks action", a inspiré le "boycott Rosa Parks" qui a duré 381 jours.
Grammar: Obligation and Prohibition in the Past
- Obligation: had to + verb
- Permission: was/were allowed to + verb
- Prohibition:
was/were not allowed to + verb
was/were forbidden to + verb
Grammaire: Pour parler de la ségrégation bus états-unis, on peut dire: "Black people were not allowed to sit in the front of buses" ou "Black people were forbidden to use the same facilities as white people."
