Limits and Asymptotes in Calculus
This page provides a comprehensive overview of limits and asymptotes, essential concepts in calculus. It covers the rules for calculating limits of function operations, indeterminate forms, limits of standard functions, and the definition of asymptotes.
The document begins by explaining the limits of function operations. For the sum of two functions, the limit of the sum equals the sum of the limits. Similarly, for products, the limit of the product is the product of the limits. For quotients, the rule is more complex and depends on whether the denominator's limit is zero or non-zero.
Definition: The limit of a sum: limf(x + gx) = lim fx + lim gx
Definition: The limit of a product: limf(x * gx) = lim fx * lim gx
The page then introduces the concept of indeterminate forms in limit calculations. These are situations where the limit cannot be determined directly and requires further analysis.
Highlight: The four indeterminate forms are: 0/0, ∞/∞, 0*∞, and ∞-∞.
Next, the document presents the limits of common functions, such as polynomials and exponential functions. For instance, it states that the limit of n² as n approaches positive infinity is positive infinity, while the limit of e^x as x approaches negative infinity is zero.
Example: limn2 = +∞ as n → +∞
Example: limex = 0 as x → -∞
The page introduces two important theorems: the Squeeze Theorem Theˊoreˋmedesgendarmes and the Comparison Theorem. These theorems are useful tools for evaluating limits in complex situations.
Vocabulary: Théorème des gendarmes SqueezeTheorem is a method for finding the limit of a function by comparing it to two other functions whose limits are known.
Finally, the document provides definitions and conditions for vertical and horizontal asymptotes. These concepts are crucial for understanding the behavior of functions as they approach infinity or specific x-values.
Definition: A vertical asymptote occurs when the limit of a function approaches infinity as x approaches a finite value.
Definition: A horizontal asymptote occurs when the limit of a function approaches a finite value as x approaches infinity.
This comprehensive overview provides students with a solid foundation in limites et asymptotes, covering key concepts and techniques for analyzing function behavior at extreme values.