The evolution of genomes within populations is a fundamental concept in genetics that explores how genetic diversity changes over time through various mechanisms. This comprehensive guide covers population genetics, the Hardy-Weinberg model, and species evolution, with particular focus on genetic drift and natural selection.
Key points:
- Population genetics studies allele and genotype frequencies within populations
- The Hardy-Weinberg model provides a theoretical framework for understanding genetic equilibrium
- Natural selection and genetic drift are major forces driving genome evolution
- Real-world examples like sickle cell anemia demonstrate how populations deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
- Species definition and speciation processes illustrate the long-term effects of genome evolution