Page 1: Chemical System Analysis Fundamentals
This page introduces the core concepts of chemical system analysis through pH measurements, spectroscopy, and conductivity. The mathematical foundations and practical applications are thoroughly explained.
Definition: pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydronium ion concentration: pH = -log(H3O+)
Highlight: The loi de Beer-Lambert is specifically applicable for solutions with concentrations less than 10⁻² mol/L, establishing a direct relationship between concentration and light absorption.
Example: For conductivity measurements, a key conversion to remember is 1mS/cm = 0.1 S/m, which is essential for practical applications.
Vocabulary: Conductivity (σ) represents the ability of a solution to conduct electricity, directly related to ion concentration.
The page details the mathematical relationships for conductivity measurements, including the relationship between specific conductivity and ion concentrations, expressed as σ = ΣλᵢXi.