Definition: Raw sap (sève brute) carries water and minerals upward from roots to leaves, while elaborated sap (sève élaborée) distributes organic molecules synthesized through photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Vocabulary: Sève brute (raw sap) and sève élaborée (elaborated sap) are the two main transport fluids in plants.

Example: The elaborated sap can travel to all parts of the plant including flowers, fruits, stems, and roots to support growth and development.

Highlight: The transport system ensures that nutrients reach all parts of the plant, supporting overall growth and development of all organs.

Quote: "La sève élaborée peut aller dans toutes les parties du végétal pour assurer la croissance de l'ensemble des organes."

Definition: Photosynthesis is the process where plants produce organic matter using light energy in chlorophyll-containing cells.

Vocabulary: Stomates are specialized openings in leaf epidermis that facilitate gas exchange between the plant and air.

Example: During darkness, respiratory gas exchange occurs where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. Conversely, during light exposure, photosynthetic gas exchange takes place with carbon dioxide absorption and oxygen release.

Highlight: Root absorption occurs through specialized structures called root hairs, which take up mineral salts. Some plants form beneficial symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria to enhance nutrient uptake.

Quote: "La photosynthèse ne fait que dans les parties vertes de la plante."