Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry
This page focuses on the major functional groups in organic chemistry, their structures, and naming conventions. It provides a tableau groupes fonctionnels chimie organique that is essential for understanding nomenclature chimie organique.
The main functional groups covered are:
- Hydroxyl group alcohols
- Carbonyl group aldehydesandketones
- Carboxyl group carboxylicacids
For each functional group, the page provides:
- The structural representation
- The suffix used in naming
- The family of compounds it represents
Vocabulary:
- Hydroxyl group: -OH, suffix "-ol", family: alcohols
- Carbonyl group: C=O, suffix "-al" aldehydes or "-one" ketones
- Carboxyl group: -COOH, suffix "-oic acid", family: carboxylic acids
Example: Butanal is used to illustrate aldehyde nomenclature, showing the carbonyl group at the end of the chain.
Highlight: The document distinguishes between aldehydes carbonylattheendofthechain and ketones carbonylwithinthechain.
Definition: Carboxylic acids are defined by the presence of a carboxyl group −COOH and use the suffix "-oic acid".
The page concludes with a complex example: 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethylheptan-3-one, demonstrating how to incorporate multiple substituents and a ketone functional group in the name of an organic compound.
This comprehensive guide serves as an excellent resource for students studying nomenclature chimie organique terminale and provides a solid foundation for understanding exercices corrigés nomenclature chimie organique.