Analytical Chemistry Methods and Measurements
This page covers fundamental analytical chemistry concepts including calibration methods, spectroscopy, and conductance measurements.
The pH of aqueous solutions follows the equation pH = -log[H3O+], establishing the foundation for acid-base analysis.
Definition: Calibration dosing (dosage par étalonnage) is a method using standard solutions of known concentrations to create a reference curve for determining unknown concentrations.
Example: For colored solutions, the Beer-Lambert law shows that absorbance (A) is directly proportional to concentration (C) through the equation A = KC, where K is the slope coefficient.
Vocabulary:
- Étalon: Standard reference solution
- Coefficient d'absorption molaire: Molar absorption coefficient
- Conductance: Measure of electrical conductivity in ionic solutions
Highlight: The Beer-Lambert law curve passes through the origin, indicating a direct proportional relationship between absorbance and concentration.
Quote: "PxV = nxRxT" - The ideal gas law equation showing the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.
The page also covers ionic solution analysis using Kohlrausch's law, where conductance (σ) relates to ionic concentration through σ = λ[X], with λ representing specific ionic conductivity.
Temperature conversions are addressed with the formula T(K) = °C + 273, essential for gas law calculations and other temperature-dependent measurements.
