Meiosis Process

Les étapes de la méiose involves eight distinct phases across two main divisions, transforming a single cell with 23 chromosome pairs into four haploid cells.

Definition: Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces gametes with half the original chromosome number.

The eight phases are divided into two main sequences:

• First Division (Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1)
• Second Division (Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2)

Highlight: This process results in the formation of haploid gametes, each containing 23 single chromosomes.

Example: During the first division, homologous chromosomes separate, while in the second division, sister chromatids separate.

DNA Replication Mechanism

Les étapes de la réplication de l'ADN occur during the interphase period following mitosis.

Definition: DNA replication is a semi-conservative process where each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand.

Vocabulary: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of four types: A, T, C, and G.

Highlight: The process involves:

• Separation of DNA strands by specific enzymes
• DNA polymerase facilitating new strand synthesis
• Complementary base pairing ensuring accuracy
• Formation of two identical DNA molecules

Example: When AATCAG sequence serves as a template, the complementary strand formed would be TTAGTC.

The process ensures accurate genetic information transfer to daughter cells through réplication de l'ADN semi conservative.